NÙkhlx<+ ds nqxZ ftys dss vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk v/;;u

¼ikVu ,oa /ke/kk rglhy ds fo’ks"k lanHkZ esa½

iadt dqekj

vfrfFk O;k[kkrk] vFkZ’kkL=] 'kkldh; ia- tokgj yky usg: LukrdksÙkj egkfo|ky;] csesrjk ftyk&csesrjk ¼N-x-½

*Corresponding Author E-mail: pankajsahu125@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

çLrqr 'kksèk i= NÙkhlx<+ ds nqxZ ftys ds ikVu ,oa èkeèkk rglhy ds lanHkZ esa vè;;u fd;k x;k gSA xzkeh.k leqnk; esa ,d fo'ks"k :i ls lEifÙk lalkèku dk eki jgk gS tks fd viuh ç—fr ls lacfUèkr gksrh gSA xzkeh.k lk>k lEifÙk lalkèkuksa dks eksVs rkSj ij mu lalkèkuksa ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS ftlds fy, ,d igpku ;ksX; leqnk; ds lHkh lnL;ksa ds ikl vgLrkUrj.kh; mi;ksxdrkZ ds vfèkdkj gksrs gSA Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa lk>k lEifÙk lalkèku ds rgr lEifÙk lalkèkuksa dk fuèkkZj.k lkeqnkf;d pkjkxkg] lkeqnkf;d ou] ljdkjh catj Hkwfe] lk>k Mafiax] Fkzsflax eSnku] ty fudklh] xkao ds rkykc] ufn;ka bR;kfn dks lfEefyr fd;k gS vr% fu"d"kZ ds :i esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd çk—frd lalkèkuksa dks lEifÙk dk ,d :i çnku fd;k tk; ,oa mldk ç;ksx mi;ksxdrkZ }kjk lkoèkkuh iwoZd gksuh pkfg, ftlls xzkeh.k leqnk; dk fodkl laHko gksxkA

KEYWORDS: xzkeh.k lEifÙk] lalkèku] lkeqnkf;d ou] çk—frd lEink] vkfFkZd fLFkfr] vgLrkarj.kh; mi;ksxdrkZA

çLrkouk

Hkkjr xk¡oksa dk ns'k gS ftldh nks frgkbZ tula[;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrh gSA fodkl'khy ns'k dh mUufr ds fy, xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku esa i;kZoj.kh; ckárk,¡] jkstxkj rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl lgk;d gksrs gSaA i;kZoj.k rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl ,d nwljs ls ijLij tqM+s gq, gS] ogha nwljh rjQ ,d ns'k dk vkfFkZd fodkl Hkh i;kZoj.k dks çHkkfor djrk gS ftlls ,d mfpr y{; dks fuèkkZfjr djds fodkl ds Å¡ps ik;nku dks çkIr fd;k tk ldsA i;kZoj.k ,d ns'k dh vkfFkZd mUufr esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrs gq, vkfFkZd igyqvksa dks etcwrh çnku djrk gSA ,d jk"Vª ds fodkl dk ,d cM+k fgLlk fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa mRiknu ls tqM+k gksrk gSA çk—frd lalkèkuksa ds fujarj gks jgs miHkksx rFkk c<+rs çnw"k.k Lrj ds dkj.k Hkfo"; esa i;kZoj.kh; lalkèkuksa dh xq.koÙkk esa vkSj deh gks tk;sxh] ftlls uk flQZ mRiknu dh xq.koÙkk çHkkfor gksxh cfYd blds mRiknu esa yxs leLr lacfUèkr cká;rkvksa esa leL;k mRiUu gksus yxsxh ftlds fy, lrr~ fodkl dh voèkkj.kkvksa ds fu;e dk ikyu djuk gksxkA

'kksèk çjpuk ,oa çfofèk;k¡

çLrqr 'kksèk vè;;u çkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d vk¡dM+ksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA çkFkfed vk¡dM+ksa dk ladyu çR;{k lk{kkRdj vuqlwph ds }kjk rFkk f}rh;d vk¡dM+s 'kkldh;] v)Z'kkldh; ,oa vU; }kjk çdkf'kr çfrosnuksa rFkk varjtky ds ekè;e ls laxzg.k fd;k x;k gSA çkFkfed vk¡dM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, fofHkUu lkaf[;dh; fofèk;ksa vkSj js[kkfp=ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA lkaf[;dh; fofèk;ksa ds varxZr vkSlr fofèk] çfr'kr fofèk] lglEcUèk ,oa çrhixeu fofèk dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA çkFkfed laedks ds ladyu ds fy;s cgqLrjh; nSo fun'kZu çjpuk dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

xkaoksa dk p;u

çLrqr 'kksèk vè;;u esa U;kn'kZ ikVu rFkk èkeèkk rglhy esa ls çR;sd rglhy ls nSo fun'kZu ds vkèkkj ij nl&nl xk¡oksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA

¼c½ U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dh Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk o 'kkSpky; lqfoèkk dk vè;;u djukA

¼l½ U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dh —f"k Hkwfe ,oa vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk vè;;u djukA

ifjdYiuk,a

¼v½ nqxZ ftys esa vkokl dh lqfoèkk] Lukukxkj ,oa 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk esa lkFkZd o`f) gqbZA

¼c½ NÙkhlx<+ ds nqxZ ftyk esa ikfjokfjd vk; esa lkFkZd o`f) gqbZA

NÙkhlx<+ esa nqxZ ftyk ds vkfFkZd fLFkfr

çLrqr vè;;u esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dh fofHkUu fcUnqvksa dks çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA ftlds varxZr vkokl fLFkfr] Lukukxkj lqfoèkk] 'kkSpky; lqfoèkk] —f"k Hkwfe dh çfr ifjokj miyCèkrk ,oa çfr ifjokj okf"kZd vk; bR;kfn igyqvksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA tks fuEu gS&

rkfydk Øekad & 1-1 U;kn’kZ ifjokjksa esa edku dh lajpuk

rglhy

edku dh lajpuk

dPpk

v/kZiDdk

iDdk

dqy

ikVu

105

(13.43)

(5.75)

278

(35.55)

428

(54.73)

/ke/kk

(12.02)

(5.63)

216

(27.62)

354

(45.27)

;ksx

199

(25.45)

(11.38)

494

(63.17)

782

(100)

L=ksr&O;fDrxr losZ{k.k A

uksV% dks"Bd esa iznf’kZr izfr’kr dks n’kkZrk gSA

mi;Zqä rkfydk Øekad 1-1 esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa edku dh lajpuk ikVu rglhy esa dPpk edku 13-43 çfr'kr] vèkZiDdk edku 5-75 çfr'kr] iDdk edku 35-55 çfr'kr ,oa èkeèkk rglhy eas dPpk 12-02 çfr'kr] vèkZiDdk 5-63 çfr'kr o iDdk 27-62 çfr'kr gSA

bl çdkj U;kn'kZ rglhyksa esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa edku dh lajpuk dPpk edku 25-45 çfr'kr] vèkZiDdk 11-38 çfr'kr ,oa iDdk 63-17 çfr'kr gSA

fp= Øekad 1-1 ds varxZr U;kn'kZ ifjokjkas esa edku dh lajpuk dh tkudkjh çLrqr fd;k x;k gS ] blls Li"V gksrk gS fd iDdk edku dk çfr'kr 63-17 tks dh lcls vfèkd gSA

rkfydk Øekad & 1-2 U;kn’kZ ifjokjksa esa Lukukxkj dh lqfo/kk

rglhy

Lukukxkj dh lqfo/kk

miyC/krk

vuqiyC/krk

dqy

ikVu

224

¼28-64½

204

¼26-09½

428

¼54-73½

/ke/kk

182

¼23-27½

172

¼22-00½

354

¼45-27½

;ksx

406

¼51-92½

376

¼48-08½

782

¼100½

L=ksr&O;fDrxr losZ{k.k A

uksV% dks"Bd esa iznf’kZr izfr’kr dks n’kkZrk gSA

mi;Zqä rkfydk Øekad 1-2 esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ikVu rglhy esa Lukukxkj dh miyCèkrk dk çfr'kr 28-64 gS] rFkk 26-09 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk ugha gS o èkeèkk rglhy esa Lukukxkj dh miyCèkrk dk çfr'kr 23-27 çfr'kr gS rFkk 22-00 U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk ugha gSA

bl çdkj U;kn'kZ rglhyksa esa dqy U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa Lukukxkj lqfoèkk dh miyCèkrk dk çfr'kr 51-92 gS rFkk 48-08 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk ugha gSA

fp= Øekad 1-2 ds vUrxZr U;kn'kZ ifjokjkas esa Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk dks çnf'kr fd;k x;k gSA Lukukxkj miyCèkrk dk çfr'kr 51-92 gS rFkk vuqiyCèkrk dk çfr'kr 48-08 gSA

rkfydk Øekad & 1-3 U;kn’kZ ifjokjksa esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfo/kk

rglhy

'kkSpky; dh lqfo/kk

miyC/krk

vuqiyC/krk

dqy

ikVu

423

¼54-09½

¼0-64½

428

¼54-73½

/ke/kk

348

¼44-50½

¼0-77½

354

¼45-27½

;ksx

771

¼98-59½

¼1-41½

782

¼100½

L=ksr&O;fDrxr losZ{k.k A

uksV% dks"Bd esa iznf’kZr izfr’kr dks n’kkZrk gSA

mi;Zqä rkfydk Øekad 1-3 esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ikVu rglhy esa miyCèkrk 54-09 çfr'kr ,oa 0-64 çfr'kr vuqiyCèkrk gSA èkeèkk rglhy esa miyCèkrk 44-50 çfr'kr] vuqiyCèkrk 0-77 çfr'kr gSA

bl rjg U;kn'kZ rglhyksa esa] U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk] miyCèkrk 98-59 çfr'kr ,oa vuqiyCèkrk 1-41 çfr'kr gSA

fp= Øekad 1-3 ds vUrxZr U;kn'kZ ifjokjkas esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk dks çnf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk dh miyCèkrk dk çfr'kr 98-59 gS rFkk vuqiyCèkrk dk çfr'kr 1-41 gSA

rkfydk Øekad & 1-4 U;kn’kZ ifjokjksa esa d`"kdksa dk Ádkj

rglhy

Lkhekar d`"kd

Yk?kq d`"kd

e/;e d`"kd

o`gn d`"kd

;ksx

ikVu

126

¼16-12½

191

¼24-43½

102

¼13-05½

¼1-15½

428

¼54-73½

/ke/kk

102

¼13-04½

149

¼19-05½

¼11-76½

¼1-41½

354

¼45-27½

;ksx

228

¼29-16½

340

¼43-48½

194

¼24-81½

¼2-56½

782

¼100½

L=ksr&O;fDrxr losZ{k.k A

uksV% dks"Bd esa iznf’kZr izfr’kr dks n’kkZrk gSA

mi;Zqä rkfydk Øekad 1-4 esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjkas esa —"kdksa ds ifjokj dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ikVu rglhy esa lhekar —"kd 16-12 çfr'kr] y?kq —"kd 24-43 çfr'kr] eè;e —"kd 13-05 çfr'kr rFkk o`gn —"kd 1-15 çfr'kr gS] blh rjg èkeèkk rglhy esa lhekar —"kd 13-04 çfr'kr] y?kq —"kd 19-05 çfr'kr] eè;e —"kd 11-76 çfr'kr rFkk o`gn —"kd 1-41 çZfr'kr gSA

bl çdkj U;kn'kZ rglhyksa esa dqy U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa dqy lhekar —"kd 29-16 çfr'kr] y?kq —"kd 43-48 çfr'kr] eè;e —"kd 24-81 çfr'kr rFkk o`gn —"kd 2-56 çfr'kr gSA

fp= Øekad 1-4 ds vUrxZr U;kn'kZ ifjokjkas esa —"kdksa ds çdkj dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA loZs{k.k ls çkIr leadks ds vkèkkj ij mUgsa çfr'kr :i esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

rkfydk Øekad & 1-5 U;kn’kZ ifjokjksa dk vk; ¼okf"kZd :i;s esa½

Ø-

vk; ¼:i;s esa½

ikVu rglhy

/ke/kk rglhy

dqy

50000 rd

¼0½

¼0-89½

50001 & 100000

¼5-37½

¼11-64½

133

¼17-00½

100001 & 150000

117

¼14-96½

102

¼13-04½

219

¼28-00½

150001 & 200000

110

¼14-07½

¼8-44½

176

¼22-51½

200001 & 250000

¼12-15½

¼7-29½

152

¼19-44½

250001 & 300000

¼4-47½

¼1-66½

¼6-14½

300001 & 350000

¼2-05½

¼1-02½

¼3-07½

350001 & 400000

¼1-02½

¼0-51½

¼1-53½

400001 ls vf/kd

¼0-64½

¼0-76½

¼1-40½

dqy

428

¼54-73½

354

¼45-27½

782

¼100½

L=ksr&O;fDrxr losZ{k.k A

uksV% dks"Bd esa iznf’kZr izfr’kr dks n’kkZrk gSA

mi;Zqä rkfydk Øekad 1-5 esa U;kn'kZ rglhyksa esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk okf"kZd vk; :i;sa esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA U;kn'kZ {ks= esa okf"kZd vk; 50000 :i;s rd 0-89 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 50001 ls 100000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 17-00 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 100001 ls 150000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 28-00 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 150001 ls 200000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 22-51 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 200001 ls 250000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 19-44 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 250001 ls 300000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 6-14 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 300001 ls 350000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 3-07 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 350001 ls 400000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 1-53 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS rFkk 1-40 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dh okf"kZd vk; 400001 :i;s ls vfèkd gSA

fp= Øekad 1-5 ds vUrxZr U;kn'kZ rglhyksa esa U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk okf"kZd vk; :i;sa esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA fp= ls Kkr gksrk gS fd U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa vk; dk lcls vfèkd 28 çfr'kr 100001 ls 150000 vk; oxZ esa gSA

fu"d"kZ %&

çLrqr 'kksèk vè;;u esa vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa iw.kZ:i ls lqèkkj gqvk gSA ftlesa eq[; :i ls ifjokjksa dh vkokl lqfoèkk] Lukukxkj ,oa 'kkSpky; lqfoèkk esa lkFkZd o`f) gqbZ gS vFkkZr~ oSdfYid ifjdYiuk Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA U;kn'kZ ifjokj dh vk; esa lkFkZd o`f) gqbZ gS vr% ;gk¡ Hkh oSdfYid ifjdYiuk Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA blds vfrfjä vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk ifj.kke fuEufyf[kr gS& U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa edku dh lajpuk ikVu rglhy esa dPpk edku 13-43 çfr'kr] vèkZiDdk edku 5-75 çfr'kr] iDdk edku 35-55 çfr'kr ,oa èkeèkk rglhy eas dPpk 12-02 çfr'kr] vèkZiDdk 5-63 çfr'kr o iDdk 27-62 çfr'kr gSA Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ikVu rglhy esa miyCèkrk 28-64 çfr'kr] vuqiyCèkrk 26-09 çfr'kr o èkeèkk rglhy esa miyCèkrk 23-27 çfr'kr] vuqiyCèkrk 22-00 çfr'kr gSA Lukukxkj dh lqfoèkk miyCèkrk 51-92 çfr'kr ,oa vuqiyCèkrk 48-08 çfr'kr gSA 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ikVu rglhy esa miyCèkrk 54-09 çfr'kr ,oa 0-64 çfr'kr vuqiyCèkrk gSA èkeèkk rglhy esa miyCèkrk 44-50 çfr'kr] vuqiyCèkrk 0-77 çfr'kr gSA ifjokjksa esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk] miyCèkrk 98-59 çfr'kr ,oa vuqiyCèkrk 1-41 çfr'kr gSA —"kdksa ds ifjokj dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ikVu rglhy esa lhekar —"kd 16-12 çfr'kr] y?kq —"kd 24-43 çfr'kr] eè;e —"kd 13-05 çfr'kr rFkk o`gn —"kd 1-15 çfr'kr gS] blh rjg èkeèkk rglhy esa lhekar —"kd 13-04 çfr'kr] y?kq —"kd 19-05 çfr'kr] eè;e —"kd 11-76 çfr'kr rFkk o`gn —"kd 1-41 çZfr'kr gSA rglhyksa esa dqy U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa esa dqy lhekar —"kd 29-16 çfr'kr] y?kq —"kd 43-48 çfr'kr] eè;e —"kd 24-81 çfr'kr rFkk o`gn —"kd 2-56 çfr'kr gSA ifjokjksa dk okf"kZd vk; :i;sa esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA U;kn'kZ {ks= esa okf"kZd vk; 50000 :i;s rd 0-89 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 50001 ls 100000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 17-00 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 100001 ls 150000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 28-00 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 150001 ls 200000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 22-51 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 200001 ls 250000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 19-44 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 250001 ls 300000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 6-14 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 300001 ls 350000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 3-07 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS] 350001 ls 400000 :i;s rd okf"kZd vk; 1-53 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dk gS rFkk 1-40 çfr'kr U;kn'kZ ifjokjksa dh okf"kZd vk; 400001 :i;s ls vfèkd gSA

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Received on 12.11.2024 Revised on 30.11.2024

Accepted on 04.12.2024 Published on 18.12.2024

Available online on December 27, 2024

Int. J. of Reviews and Res. in Social Sci. 2024; 12(4):287-294.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2687.2024.00047

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